An astronomical observatory outside Dublin, Ireland, established in 1785 through an endowment from Trinity College Dublin provost Francis Andrews. Mathematician and astronomer William Rowan Hamilton served as its director from 1827 to 1865, and it was on a walk from the observatory into the city in 1843 that he conceived of quaternions, the first non-commutative algebra. Now operated by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, it houses the 12-inch South Telescope, completed in 1868, and in 2025 joined Armagh Observatory and Birr Castle on UNESCO's World Heritage Tentative List as one of Ireland's historic astronomical observatories.
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