Ken Mattingly was an American NASA astronaut originally assigned to the Apollo 13 crew as command module pilot, but was removed just days before launch after exposure to German measles, a decision that likely saved him from the missions life-threatening in-flight oxygen tank explosion. He went on to fly as command module pilot on Apollo 16 in 1972, and later commanded two Space Shuttle missions in the early 1980s, becoming one of the relatively small group of astronauts to fly in both the Apollo and Shuttle programs.
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